Saturday, December 7, 2013

Corning Gorillla Glass


Gorilla Glass is the registered trademark for a toughened glass, manufactured by U.S. glassmaker Corning, Inc.
It became highly popular as a cover glass for portable electronic devices such as high-end mobile phones.
The manufacturer claims that Gorilla Glass offers high scratch resistance and incredible hardness, which allows the use of thinner glass panels on devices, without the inherent fragility, which traditionally comes with thinner thickness.
The invention for manufacturing this sort of protective glass had supposedly been gathering dust for quite some years in Corning's warehouse, until Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO back then, commissioned Corning to develop a new scratch proof display cover glass for the first iPhone.
The rise of touchscreen phones popularity since then has turned the manufacturing of Gorilla Glass into a lucrative business niche for Corning.
In 2012, Corning introduced a second generation of the material, called "Gorilla Glass 2" and devices using it started shipping in the first half the same year. According to the manufacturer, the advantages of the second generation include even thinner construction, higher transparency to light and allows for even better touch sensitivity.
Gorilla Glass 3 was announced in 2013 and the popular Samsung Galaxy S4 (released in the first half of the year) is announced as the first phone to feature it.
The new generation is marketed as having Native Damage Resistance™. Marketing talk aside, the new glass reportedly provides enhanced scratch resistance, reduced scratch visibility, and better retained strength once a scratch occurs. According to the manufacturer, the Gorilla Glass 3 is stronger, and is 3x more scratch-resistant than Gorilla Glass 2. Plus some 40% less scratches are visible once they occur.

Source : GSMarena

NFC (Near Field Communication)

NFC is a short-range high frequency wireless communication technology that enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 cm distance.
NFC is an upgrade of the existing proximity card standard (RFID) that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device. It allows users to seamlessly share content between digital devices, pay bills wirelessly or even use their cellphone as an electronic traveling ticket on existing contactless infrastructure already in use for public transportation.
The significant advantage of NFC over Bluetooth is the shorter set-up time. Instead of performing manual configurations to identify Bluetooth devices, the connection between two NFC devices is established at once (under a 1/10 second).
Due to its shorter range, NFC provides a higher degree of security than Bluetooth and makes NFC suitable for crowded areas where correlating a signal with its transmitting physical device (and by extension, its user) might otherwise prove impossible.

NFC can also work when one of the devices is not powered by a battery (e.g. on a phone that may be turned off, a contactless smart credit card, etc.)

Source : GSMarena



Long term evolution (LTE)

LTE is the next-step of the evolution of UMTS (3G) and HSDPA (3.5G). It's the only wireless network technology that's correctly called 4G. Some carries may market their high-speed HSDPA+ networks as 4G, but that's not technically correct.
Some of the improvements LTE brings along over the currently used wireless mobile radio technologies are a better spectral efficiency, lower costs, higher transfer speeds, improved services, etc.
LTE networks are widely available in the USA by carriers such as AT&T, Sprint and Verizon. In Europe, the network standard is not as widely spread and have limited coverage.
Theoretically, LTE networks should provide wireless data downlink speeds of up to 300Mbps and uplinkspeeds of up to 75Mbps.
Originally, LTE was conceived as an IP-based wireless system used purely for carrying data traffic. Network carriers were supposed to provide voice communication via their concurrent 2G/3G networks or by using VoIP. By popular request however, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) was a standardised system for transferring voice traffic over LTE. Currently, the availability of Voice over LTE (VoLTE) depends on the carrier implementation.

Unfortunately, the current implementations of LTE use different frequency bands in different countries, making interoperability an issue. LTE networks throughout the world can be seen utilizing one or several different network bands such as:
  • Band 1, 2100MHz (Japan, Philippines, South Korea);
  • Band 3, 1800MHz (Australia, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Italy, Singapore, Slovenia, Slovakia, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, UK)
  • Band 4, 1700MHz (AT&T in the United States)
  • Band 7, 2600MHz (Austria, Brazil, Canada, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Russia, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland)
  • Band 17, 700MHz (AT&T and Verizon in the United States, Canada)

Source: GSMarena

Odin mode

Odin mode (or Download mode) is for Samsung Galaxy phones what the name means. You are a God and the phone is a slave. In Odin mode, the user is able to flash whatever wants to the internal flash memory inside the phone by connecting phone to the computer via USB cable. As Odin mode is simple program (in the phone), poor user may not even flash main (Android) system, kernel, recovery system, but this is possible to repartition internal flash and reflash Odin mode itself. If something goes wrong and the Odin mode is broken (erased, rewritten, corrupted), the phone no longer boots and is hard-bricked. So Odin mode is dangerous. Because of this dangerous nature of Odin mode, Odin mode is usually used to only reflash main system or recovery (see warnings below) and if possible, recovery mode is used for flashing (as it is less dangerous).




Source : XDA

CWM

ClockworkMod Recovery (CWM) is a replacement recovery option for Android devices, made by Koushik "Koush" Dutta. It is based on the Android 2.1 (Eclair) recovery image. Features include Nandroid backup, adb shell, advanced update.zip options (ignore asserts and signature checks), and file browser for choosing update.zips
The Rom Manager app may be used for installing CWM, overwriting the device's stock recovery. As with the stock recovery, CWM can apply software changes to the device. Unlike the stock recovery, CWM is able to entirely replace the device's primary Android operating system ("flashing a new ROM"), including with aftermarket replacements such as CyanogenMod. Once installed, CWM it is accessed by turning your phone off, then triggering the bootloader prompt by holding down some device-dependent button combination as it is turned on.

CWM is also known as clockwork and CW recovery.



Source : XDA

How to Entering recovery mode on Your phone

This is possible to enter recovery mode by pressing some button combination during boot sequence of the device. The key combination differ from phone to phone, but manufactures usually has similar invocations for similar phones. You have to read a page with instruction for your phone to make sure that you are not doing something weird. When these keys are pressed, the device does not perform normal boot sequence. Instead of this, another partition is picked and kernel+recovery_apps is invoked from this recovery partition, so the rest of the flash is untouched (see custom recovery_apps list above). The combination of pressed keys has nothing to do with the recovery kernel+recovery_apps (ie. what is flashed to the recovery partition, this will be run). Sometimes there is no recovery flashed, so even keys are pressed, no recovery mode is invoked. You may still be able to flash own recovery to the device by Odin mode and use it later.

Example :



Source : XDA

Recovery Mode

Recovery Mode
In Android devices, Recovery is an Android-based, lightweight runtime environment separate from and parallel to the main Android operating system. Recovery's original purpose was:

§  to apply software updates to the device, e.g. OTA updates, and
§  to erase user data and cache, e.g. for troubleshooting or preparing the device for resale (factory reset) and
§  to run (another) external tool from microSD flash memory

Recovery is stored in a disk partition separate from the main Android partitions (boot/kernel, root/system). It contains its own Linux kernel, separate from the kernel of the main Android system. Because of separate kernel+recovery_apps, the device is able to boot into the recovery mode even main system is broken some way. Until this recovery partition is not broken, the user has nice tool to fix the device. The recovery has nothing to do with the rest of the (Android) system, so is completely independent.
The bootloader determines whether to boot Android or Recovery.
Recovery Mode

Custom recovery apps
The open-source community has extended the original Android Recovery system, to add other features:

§  system backup and restore (NANDroid),
§  the ability to apply Android changes that aren't approved by the manufacturers or carriers,
§  improved user interface, including using the touch screen instead of only the volume and power buttons, and
§  runs adbd, to support ADB connections.

The most popular custom recovery is ClockworkMod Recovery. Others are:

§  4EXT
§  Amon Ra Recovery

§  Team Win Recovery Project (TWRP)

Clock Workmod Recovery

Source : XDA

Bootloader

Bootloader
A bootloader is a computer program that loads an operating system (OS) or runtime environment for the computer after completion of the self-tests.
The bootloader configures the device to an initial known state and has a means to select where to start executing the kernel. It can allow you to make this selection, which give you for example the opportunity to start an alternative Linux kernel, or Windows. Because the bootloader is an essential component of the boot process, it is stored in non-volatile memory, such as flash memory.
Bootloaders are written by hardware vendors and are specialized for the hardware they run on.
For Android devices, the bootloader typically starts either Android or Recovery. Android bootloaders often have a basic interactive mode that can be triggered by holding the "volume down" button while the bootloader is executing.

Locked/unlocked bootloaders
A locked bootloader is one that will only boot an OS that it "approves" of. This may mean that device's boot partition has an approved digital signature, or the carrier ID (CID) hard-coded into the OS matches a value hard-coded into the bootloader itself. See also Wikipedia:Hardware restrictions#Verified/trusted/secure boot and Wikipedia:SIM lock.
For devices with a locked bootloader, booting an unsanctioned OS (e.g. CyanogenMod or Ubuntu) requires the device's owner to first unlock (or even replace[1]) the bootloader. Unlocking the bootloader sometimes voids the device's warranty. Procedures vary typically by manufacturer.

Bootloader unlocking should not be confused with Android rooting.

Source : XDAWikipedia

Monday, November 25, 2013

Firefox OS



Firefox OS (project name: Boot to Gecko, also known as B2G) is a Linux-based open-source operating system for smartphones and tablet computers. It is being developed by Mozilla, the non-profit organization best known for the Firefox web browser.

Firefox OS is designed to provide a "complete" community-based alternative system for mobile devices, using open standards and approaches such as HTML5 applications, JavaScript, a robust privilege model, open web APIs to communicate directly with cellphone hardware, and application marketplace. As such, it competes with proprietary systems such as Apple's iOS, Google's Chrome OS and Microsoft's Windows Phone, as well as other open source systems such as Android, Jolla's Sailfish OS and Ubuntu Touch.


Firefox OS was publicly demonstrated in February 2012, on Android-compatible smartphones, and again in 2013 running on Raspberry Pi. In January 2013, at CES 2013, ZTE confirmed they would be shipping a smartphone with Firefox OS, and on July 2, 2013, Telefónica launched the first commercial Firefox OS based phone, ZTE Open, in Spain which was quickly followed by GeeksPhone's Peak+.

Sourece : Wikipedia

Sunday, November 24, 2013

Computer Virus


Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation.

Through the course of using the Internet and your computer, you may have come in to contact with computer viruses. Many computer viruses are stopped before they can start, but there is still an ever growing concern as to what do computer viruses do and the list of common computer virus symptoms. A computer virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, use your email program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.

Computer viruses are often spread by attachments in email messages or instant messaging messages. That is why it is essential that you never open email attachments unless you know who it's from and you are expecting it.
Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files.

Computer viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in illicit software or other files or programs you might download.

To help avoid computer viruses, it's essential that you keep your computer current with the latest updates and antivirus tools, stay informed about recent threats, run your computer as a standard user (not as administrator), and that you follow a few basic ruleswhen you surf the Internet, download files, and open attachments.

Once a virus is on your computer, its type or the method it used to get there is not as important as removing it and preventing further infection.


Tuesday, November 12, 2013

Android

    Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as cellular phones, tablet computers and netbooks. Android was developed by Google and based upon the Linux kernel and GNU software. It was initially developed by Android Inc. (a firm later purchased by Google) and lately by the Open Handset Alliance. According to NPD Group, unit sales for Android OS smartphones ranked second among all smartphone OS handsets sold in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2010. BlackBerry OS holds 36% and iOS holds 21% ranked first and third respectively with Android at second with 28%. A Nielsen report for the same quarter placed Android in fourth place with 9% of the market.

    Android has a large community of developers writing apps that extend the functionality of the devices. There are currently over 70,000 apps available for Android, which makes it the second most popular mobile development target. Developers write managed code in the Java language, controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries.

    The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 71 hardware, software, and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. Google released most of the Android code under the Apache License, a free software and open source license.

    The Android operating system software stack consists of Java applications running on a Java based object oriented application framework on top of Java core libraries running on a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation. Libraries written in C include the surface manager, OpenCore[1] media framework, SQLite relational database management system, OpenGL ES 2.0 3D graphics API, WebKit layout engine, SGL graphics engine, SSL, and Bionic libc. The Android operating system consists of 12 million lines of code including 3 million lines of XML, 2.8 million lines of C, 2.1 million lines of Java, and 1.75 million lines of C++.

                                                         
Source : XDA Developers

Examples Reply for English Letter

Reply of Inquiry Letter 

MOUNTLEBAND CORPORATION.
109 THE FIFTH STREET
SINGAPORE 009
27th September 2011
Your Ref.             : KM/LS
Our Ref.               : RG/AE

Herjuno busana & Co.
No 208 Jl Cipaganti
Bandung 40131, West Java
Indonesia
Dear Mrs Karmila,
MOUNTLEBAND MENS SHIRTS MEDIUM SIZE
We thanks you for your inquiry about our mountleband mens shirts product.
We are enclosing our catalogue together with prices and terms, for your review and are confident that this catalogue will provide many of
the answers you have inquired.
We are also pleased to inform you that we will allow you a 9% discount on order of 50 pieces.
We hope you will find our prices and terms satisfactory and expecting your order as soon as possible.
If there is additional information you would like to know regarding our products, please do not hesitate to contact us. We will be most happy to be of assistance.

Yours faithfully,
FOR MOUNTLEBAND CORPORATION


Robert Goh

Sales Manager


Reply of Application Letter 

Yayasan Kanaan

Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7 Telp (0352) 311 110
Jakarta Pusat (10610)

November 13, 2013

Number: 09/4-A/1/02
Subject: Call


Designation. Sdr. Fatah Ahmadi
Matraman Village District
Jakarta Pusat

In response to a job application letter you, we thank you. For further discussion,we expect the arrival of brothers on:

day, date : Monday, November 26, 2013

Time                   :  At 10.00 Am precisely
Purposes            :  TOEFL test and interview test in English
Place                  : 2nd Floor, room Summarecon B, Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7 Telp (0352) 311 110
   Jakarta Pusat (10610)

On occasion, we expect you :

1) Brings the original degree certificate
2) Bring a transcript and a copy
3) Bring 2B pencils and erasers
4)Wearing white dress and Under dark

Such a summons is made. Top your attention, I thank you.


HRD Manager,


Prof. Dr. Mac. Aroem, MSc.


Reply of Complaint Letter 

Customer Service
Cool Sports, LLC
8423 Green Terrace Road
Asterville, WA 65435
Tel: 0114 2872222
7 July 2004

Mr Ken Thomas
25 Finch Avenue
Marlborough
Leeds
LS20 2JT

Dear Mr Ken Thomas
Thank you for your letter of 30 June. I am sorry that the estimated period for completion of your a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) has already been exceeded. I realize how much inconvenience this delay must be causing you.
You can send back that item to me and I will exchange it with a new pair of shoes cleats with the same merk and models of the item. I’m so apologize with this mistake because I have much order from the other buyers I hope you can  be understanding of a situasion.
Take it easy and relax at your home at the same time for waiting a new pair of soccer cleats from me.
Please do not hestitate to telephone me if you have any further questions.

Yours sincerely


     Dhitya


Reply of Order Letter 

Mozza Butique
Gotta, 2rd Floor
Tual, Maluku Tenggara

Fashion  Inc
JL. Dr. Laimena Maluku , Indonesia
May 29,2013

Dear Mrs. Ina Monia,

Thanks for your ordering for t-shirt from our Mozza Butique. I have been received your order letter. I will send your order with shipper JNE and will arrive 2-3 days from now to your office at. in JL. Dr Laimena Maluku, Indonesia.
Take it easy and relax in your office at the same time for waiting the t-shirt arrive. I hope you trust and happy to shopping with our butique.
Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,


(Fransiska)


Reply of Memo 

To                 :  Anton Bagaswara
                         public relation Manager
From             :  Putri Anggiani
Subject          :  Press Conference of the Concert
Date              :  July 15st, 2010

                    I have been already to attended that press conference at plaza Indonesia on Thursday, July 14st. 2010 at 11 a.m.

Friday, October 18, 2013

Examples Letter of English Letter

Example of Inquiry  Letter

HERJUNO BUSANA & CO
NO. 208 Jl. Cipaganti
Bandung 40131, West Java
INDONESIA
2th November 2011
Ref. KM/LS
Mountleband Corporation.
109 The Fifth Street,
Singapore 009
Dear Sirs,
MOUNTLEBAND MENS SHIRTS MEDIUM SIZE
We are a boutique located in Bandung, and we were interested in your mountleband mens shirt medium size product.
Therefore, we will appreciate it if you can send us a very detailed explanation of the product complete with your catalogues, price list, term, sample of design, and payment. We would also to know if you are offering any trade discounts.
If you can quote us your favorable prices, we would like to place our order as soon as possible.
We are looking foward to hearing from you.soon.

Yours faithfully,
FOR HERJUNO BUSANA & CO
Karmila

Purchase Manager


Example Of Application Letter

Attention To:
HRD Manager
YAYASAN KANAAN
Jl. Kran Raya  No. 7
Jakarta Pusat (10610)
                                                  

Dear Sir/Madam,

I have read from your advertisement at JobsDB that your company is looking for employees to hold some position. Based on the advertisement, I am interested in applying application for Teacher position according with my background educational as teaching education.
My name is Fatah Ahmadi, I am twenty three years old,  I was graduated from Ahmad Dahlan University. I consider myself that I have qualifications as you want. I have good motivation for progress and growing, eager to learn, and can work with a team (team work) or individual. Beside that I posses adequate computer skill and have good command in English (oral and written).

With my qualifications, I confident that I will be able to contribute effectively to your company. Herewith I enclose my :
1.  Copy of Bachelor Degree (S-1) Certificate and Academic Transcript.
2.  Curriculum Vitae.
3. Recent photograph with size of 4×6
I enclose my curriculum vittae for your inspection and look forward to hearing from you soon. I am available for interview at your convenience.

Faithfully,

Fatah  Ahmadi


Example of Complaint Letter

65 Market Street
Val Haven, CT 95135
June 30, 2004

Customer Service
Cool Sports, LLC
8423 Green Terrace Road
Asterville, WA 65435

Dear Sir or Madam:

I have recently ordered a new pair of soccer cleats (item #6542951) from your website on June 21. I received the order on June 26. Unfortunately, when I opened it, I saw that the cleats were used. The cleats had dirt all over it and there was a small tear in front of the part where the left toe would go. My order number is AF26168156.
To resolve the problem, I would like you to credit my account for the amount charged for my cleats; I have already went out and bought a new pair of cleats at my local sporting goods store so sending another would result in me having two pairs of the same cleats.
Than you for taking the time to read this letter. I have been a satisfied customer of your company for many years and this is the first time I have encountered a problem. If you need to contact me, you can reach me at (555) 555-5555.

Sincerely,

Ken Thomas


Example of Order Letter

Fashion  Inc
JL. Dr. Laimena Maluku , Indonesia
May 27,2013

Mozza Butique
Gotta, 2rd Floor
Tual, Maluku Tenggara


Dear Sir or Madam,

As per our discussions on March 28, 2013 we are pleased to place an order for 3 lussin of t-shirt on the following terms and conditions:
  • ·        The cost of each t-shirt will be Rp. 45.000/piece (exclude tax)
  • ·        Delivery will be done within 3-4 days from the order date
  • ·        Damage items in transit are not the responsibility of Mozza Butique
  • ·       If the order is not delivered as per the above terms and conditions, the order stands cancelled and money can back 100%


We shall appreciate your shipping that albums immediately to our office in JL. Dr Laimena Maluku, Indonesia. Payment we will made with transfer banking to your account on May 31 2013.
Hoping to have a good relationship with you.

Best regards,

(Ina Mona)


Example of Memo

To                 :  Putri Anggiani
From             :  Anton Bagaswara
                        public relation Manager
Subject          :  Press Conference of the Concert
Date              :  July 11st, 2010

                     Please attend the preps conference at plaza Indonesia on Thursday, July 14st. 2010 at 11 a.m. On behalf of the choreographer team. Cover everything you need for the conference by yourself. 





Source :
http://www.sriyuni.com/2012/08/kumpulan-memo-berbahasa-inggris.html#sthash.WmCTJjpV.dpuf

Monday, October 7, 2013

Tugas Sofskill 1 (Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1#)

A. Definition of English Business and Type of English Letter

Definition :


A:  English as used in business; specif :  the study and practice of composition with emphasis on correctness, propriety, spelling, punctuation, and the forms of business correspondence 

B:  English as taught in non-English-speaking countries in courses that emphasize its commercial rather than its cultural importance and that are normally designed to produce conversational fluency within a limited vocabulary


And there are a number of types of business letters in English such as :
Making An Inquiry
Make an inquiry when someone requesting more information about a product or service. This type of business letter tends to include specific information such as product type, as well as asking for further details in the form of brochures, catalogs, telephone contact, etc. Making inquiries can also help you keep up on your competition.
Sales Letters
Sales Letters are used to introduce new products to new customers and past clients. It's important to outline an important problem that needs to be solved and provide the solution in sales letters. This example letter provides an outline, as well as important phrases to use when sending out a wide variety of sales letters. Sales letters can be improved through the use of personalization in some means in order to ensure attention.
Replying to an Inquiry
Replying to inquiries are one of the most important business letters that you write. Successfully replying to an inquiry can help you complete a sale or lead to new sales. Customers who make inquiries are interested in specific information, and are excellent business prospects. Learn how to thank the customers, provide as much information as possible, as well as make a call to action for a positive outcome.
Account Terms and Conditions
When a new customer opens an account it is essential to inform them of account terms and conditions. If you run a small business, it is common to provide these terms and conditions in the form of a letter. This guide provides a clear example on which you can base your own business letters providing account terms and conditions.
Letters of Acknowledgment
For legal purposes letters of acknowledgment are often requested. These letters are also referred to as letters of receipt and tend to be rather formal and short. These two examples letters will provide you with a template to use in your own work and can be easily adapted for a number of purposes.
Placing an Order
As a business person, you will often place an order - especially if you have a large supply chain for your product. This example business letter provides an outline to make sure your order placement is clear so that you receive exactly what you order.
Making a Claim
Unfortunately, from time to time it is necessary to make a claim against unsatisfactory work. This example business letter provides a strong example of a claim letter and includes important phrases to express your dissatisfaction and future expectations when making a claim.
Adjusting a Claim
Even the best business may make a mistake from time to time. In this case, you may be called upon to adjust a claim. This type of business letter provides an example to send to unsatisfied customers making sure that you address their specific concerns, as well as retain them as future customers.
Cover Letters
Cover letters are extremely important when applying for a new position in a new company. Cover letters should include a short introduction, highlight the most important information in your resume and elicit a positive response from your prospective employer.

B. Part of English Business

there are many style of enlish letter such as :


·     The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisations identity.

·     Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
(12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.

·     The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.
The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.

·       The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).

·      The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: orRe: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."

·    The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why youre writing. Its the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

·       The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)

·       Signature and Writers identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.

·     Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.


C. Style of Enlgish Letter


Style 1 : FULL BLOCK STYLE 
_____________________ _________________________________ (1)
_____________________
_____________________________________________________________________
________________ (2)

________________ (3)

__________________
__________________
__________________ (4)
__________________

______________________(5)

____________________ (6)

______________________________ (7)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ (8)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________


__________________ (9)


__________________ (10)

__________________ (11)
__________________ (12)

Description :
1.    Letterhead
2.    Reference
3.    Date line
4.    Inside address
5.    Attention line
6.    Salutation
7.    Subject line
8.    Body of  letter
9.    Complimentary close
10.  Signature
11.  Enclosure
12.  Carbon copy notation


Style 2 : BLOCK STYLE 

_____________________ _________________________________ (1)
_____________________

______________________________________________________________________
________________ (2)                                  ____________________ (3)

__________________
__________________ (4)
__________________
__________________

______________________(5)

____________________ (6)

______________________________ (7)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ (8)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

___________________ (9)

___________________ (10)

Description :
1.            Letterhead
2.            Reference
3.            Date line
4.            Inside address
5.            Attention line
6.            Salutation
7.            Subject line
8.            Body of  letter
9.            Complimentary close
10.          Signature

  

Style 3 : SEMI BLOCK STYLE 

______________________ _________________________________ (1)
______________________

_______________________________________________________________________
________________ (2)                                     ___________________ (3)

__________________
__________________ (4)
__________________
__________________

______________________(5)

____________________ (6)

____________________________________ (7)

_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ (8)

_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

___________________(9)


____________________(10)

Description :
1.            Letterhead
2.            Reference
3.            Date line
4.            Inside address
5.            Attention line
6.            Salutation
7.            Subject line
8.            Body of  letter
9.            Complimentary close
10.          Signature


Style 4 : SIMPLIFIED STYLE 

___________________ ________________________________ (1)
________________________

______________________________________________________________________
________________ (2)

________________ (3)

__________________
__________________ (4)
__________________
__________________

______________________(5)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ (6)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________



_____________________ (7)

Description :
1.          Letterhead
2.          Reference
3.          Date line
4.          Inside address
5.          Subject line
6.          Body of Letter
7.          Signature




Style 5 : HANGING INDENTATION STYLE 

______________________ _________________________________ (1)
______________________

_______________________________________________________________________
________________ (2)                                      ___________________(3)

__________________
__________________
__________________ (4)
__________________

______________________(5)


___________________________ (6)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ (7)

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________


__________________ (8)

__________________ (9)

Description :
1.          Letterhead
2.          Reference
3.          Date line
4.          Inside address
5.          Salutation
6.          Subject line
7.          Body of  letter
8.          Complimentary close
9.          Signature


Source :
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/business%20english
http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/business-letter-parts.html
http://masterpiace.blogspot.com/2011/10/form-and-style-business-english-latter2.html

http://melforce-dhani.blogspot.com/2011/10/buisnis-english-letter.html